Since decades, nickel cadmium has been a suitable battery for all portable equipments right from wireless communication to mobile computing. Nickel metal hydride as well as lithium ion batteries emerged in the 1990s and it was clear that they were fighting nose to nose competition to acquire the acceptance from the customers. Today, there is no doubt that Lithium ion batteries have captured the market and is seen as the fastest growing as well as the most potential battery chemistry.

The pioneer work began in 1912 using lithium battery. But, until 1970s, till the non-rechargeable lithium ion batteries were available commercially, lithium ion batteries were not given any importance. Lithium is lighter than all other metals and possesses the highest electrochemical potential and offers the largest energy density of weight. Various attempts were made to develop rechargeable lithium batteries, but it failed as it faced safety problems. Due to this inherent instability, the research was done on a non-metallic lithium battery with the use of lithium ions. Though, lithium ion is lesser in energy density, it is very safe. However, precautions should be met while charging or discharging. Sony Corporation was the first to commercialize the lithium ion battery in 1991, and all others followed suit.

The energy level of lithium ion is twice of the regular nickel cadmium. The lithium ion batteries are of significant use in the mobile phones today. In fact, you cannot see any person without a mobile phone. This is seen as a basic necessity. The cell voltage with 3.6 volts facilitates the battery pack designs for one cell only and today almost all the mobile phones work on single cell. Lithium ion is a low maintenance battery and no memory or scheduled cycling is needed to increase the battery life. Moreover, the self-discharge is lesser than the time consumed for any nickel cadmium and this feature of lithium ion batteries makes it suitable for modern fuel applications.

The lithium batteries are advantageous, yet it should be maintained carefully. The lithium ion batteries are excellent for all the portable devices. The only problem is these batteries are not toxic, but are flammable. This implies that extra care should be taken and should be properly disposed. However, the lithium ion batteries are the fastest growing and are the future battery. The lithium ion batteries are extensively used for hand held video recorders, Laptops and cell phones.

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