Lithium batteries have lithium metal or lithium compounds as anode. The design and chemical compounds used in the lithium cells produce voltages from 1.5 to 3V which is twice the ordinary zinc carbon battery voltage or alkaline batteries. Lithium batteries are of great use in portable electronic devices and are extensively used in various industries. Lithium batteries are used in applications for long life and critical devices such as implantable medical devices and artificial pacemakers. These devices make use of specialized lithium batteries mainly designed to last at least 15 years or if possible years. The applications like toys also make use of lithium battery and the expensive lithium battery is far from being cost efficient.

Lithium batteries are easily used in the place of regular alkaline cells in various devices such as cameras and clocks. Though, they are costly, the lithium cells provide longer life and minimize the battery replacement. However, the attention is expected to be given to high voltage of the lithium cells before using the normal cells in devices that expect good voltage. The lithium batteries are generally used in portable electronic devices, small, watches, calculators, thermometers, remote car locks and as backup batteries in computers as well as communication equipments. They are available in various sizes and shapes. The lithium batteries easily support heavy current demands of devices like digital cameras and maintain high voltage for more period than the alkaline cells.

The batteries consist of heavy metals and this is one of the main causes of environmental concern. This should be disposed properly and if not, these heavy metals leak and enter the ground. This contributes to water and soil pollution and endangers wildlife. The components in the batteries are toxic to fish and also make them unfit for consumption to humans as well. Batteries are the hazardous waste disposed by the households and disposing them with usual rubbish collection leads to more disaster.

People are not aware of the acids present in the battery and so recycling of these batteries is the best. At present the recycling is done in Asia and France. However, the environmentalists, scientists and government as well as the recyclers are investigating the possibility of constructing the first plant to recycle consumer product such as household batteries. The consumer considers a battery as a mere battery, he does not think about the chemistry of it or the effects it has after disposal. However, the recycling is sure to be of immense use and to make the environment free of troubles.

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